Conflict Resolution Conflict Resolution Strategies

Question: Discuss about the Conflict Resolution for Conflict Resolution Strategies. Answer: Introduction Conflict implies a form of friction, disagreement or discord that emanate among a certain group of individuals whenever their right is infringed. Conflict may arise within a group sharing a common background or predicament. Such form of a conflict is referred to as intragroup conflict. This conflict may occur among individuals belonging to two or more groups. It may entail violence or the general disagreement among the members of the group. The other form of conflict is intergroup conflict. This form of conflict occurs between members of distinct groups (Leidner, et al. 2013, pp.181-192). For instance, members belonging to one ethnic group ganging up against members of another ethnic group. This form of conflict may be triggered by the presence of or a lack of a motivating factor. For instance, members of one ethnic group may attack those of another ethnic group due to scarcity of resources or on belief that the other group is enjoying a bigger share of the national cake over themselves. Such form of conflict leads to a stage of conflict resolution. Conflict is deemed as having been resolved when the disagreement between the wishes as well as actions of the conflicting parties is addressed amicably. One means of conflict resolution is negotiation. This form of conflict resolution entails a process that tries to incorporate the positive conflict with the main aim of preventing the conflict from degenerating into negative conflict (Kim, 2016, pp.39-47). It entails striking a balance between the conflicting parties so that all parties feel that they have not lost as a result of the conflict. Another form of conflict resolution mechanism is mediation. This entails involvement of a neutral party in the process of conflict resolution. The neutral party does not take sides. He or she listens to both the conflicting parties and tends to give his or her view. However, the mediator does not judge or decide for the conflicting parties. They only listen and give their opinion. Racial conflict in Australia Racial discrimination is a conflict that has existed for a very long time in Australia. Members from Indigenous families have since the pre-independence era suffered as a result of racial discrimination (Le Nguyen Ali, 2015, pp.159-175). The racial discrimination has been witnessed in all spheres of Indigenous persons lives. Economically, socially, politically, Indigenous groups have been. marginalized. Racial discrimination refers to a situation when individuals of a particular race are treated less favourably as compared to how the members of the other race treated because of their colour, descent, ethnic origin or their nation of origin as well as their immigrant status. The nation of Australia was at independence defined as a white territory. This definition contributed to a wide range of rapid intensification that was based on racial ideologies of superiority during the period of the spread of the ideals of Charles Darwin. Social Darwinism affirmed racial bigotry as a value to be embraced in Australia. The Australian riots of 1857 and 1861 driven by the perception among the European-Australian miners that the Chinese were present in Australia illegally and that by virtue of the quarries falling in their cultural capital, they enjoyed undue right to send away immigrants. This riot widened the boundaries of who should be called the white and how much privileges members enjoying this definition held. The end result was the growing discrimination against members of other races other than the white race. The riots ended up defining who deserved to be called Australian and who did not (Ralph, et al. 2013, pp.19). During the formation of Australia as a nation, the driving force for nationality was based on the belief that only members of European origin held enough enough of the civilization blood in them and hence this was the definitive factor in setting the conditions of a commonwealth of equality. Members of other racial inclination felt offended by this and hence the up rise of the various conflicts based on race. Members of the black race as well as those of Chinese race felt unfairly treated and ended up revolting. This for a very long time led to animosity and conflicts between members of the European race against members of other races such as the black race and the Chinese race. The conflicts were driven by the delusional politics among the Australian population. What followed was a history of a series of attacks stretching from the revolutionary pro as well as anti Soviet Russians occupying the Brisbane region of Eastern Australia, spreading through the inter-Asian as well as anti-W hite confrontations of Broome which eventually degenerated to the bloody clashes witnessed at Kalgoorlie. Australia is home to the worlds most diverse cultures. In this nation are people who identify with over 270 global ancestries (Little McMillan, 2016, pp1-19). Despite this rich diversity, a large number of individuals face unfair treatment as well as racism on the basis of how they look or on the basis of their place of origin. Racial discrimination as a conflict can degenerate to the level where barriers are created that lock people out of the economic as well as social opportunities. Racial discrimination began in Australia in 1788 when the British settlers took away land belonging to the Indigenous groups. The Indigenous groups were deprived of their right to full citizenship and regarded as immigrants subjected under strict immigration laws based on the doctrine of terra nullius (Little McMillan, 2016, pp1-19). At independence, the discriminatory treatment were transferred to the new Australian government which discriminated the Indigenous groups based on their colour and cultu re. They were viewed as an inferior race unable to equally contribute to the nation development. As a result, they were not allowed to hold positions of significance in the society. Most members of Indigenous groups ended up holding subsidiary roles in society such as acting as home guards and domestic workers for the white race. The policies implemented by the government hindered members of the Indigenous groups from accessing national resources such as education. The education system implemented after colonization emphasized on promotion of the white culture as opposed to Indigenous culture. Due the love of their culture which they wanted to preserve, members of Indigenous groups opted not to attend schools. This made them economically disadvantaged as they lacked the skills to get employed in the formal sector leaving them exposed to poor living conditions. Moreover, government policies that segreted people based on race further disadvantaged members of Indigenous groups. These group of people were only allowed access to facilities that were substandard such as schools that lacked adequate teaching and learning resources, health facilities that lacked adequate treatment facilities (Ralph, et al. 2013, pp.19). As a result, most members of Indigenous groups preferred using traditional treatment methods which was not up to standard as they could diagnose the disease to be treated. This contributed to the high mortality rate among members of Indigenous communities. These groups could not embrace the culture that was being promoted in the schools and as a result, most of them stayed away from school to engage in their own economic activities such as farming. Racial discrimination rose so high leading to the 1934 Kalgoorlie riots. This riots led to massive deaths as well as destruction of homes of the Dings at Dingbat Flat and at the same time led to the rising horror in the town. This horror was fuelled by how the alcohol-fuelled attack occasioned on foreigners degenerated into sustained mayhem. This situation led to an ambiguous anxiety that to date lurks at the heart of all Australian race riot. For the sake of conflict resolution, individuals caught up by the rising wash of vengeance fuelled by the believe of righteousness against the outsider and by the emotion of self-justification are called upon to confront an awareness of a fragile and civilized society and the essence of building bridges of peace rather than animosity. In 1967, a referendum concerning Aboriginal rights was conducted. After this referendum, lives of the Indigenous groups started improving as measures were put in place to reduce the racial conflict. The government in an attempt to address conflicts caused by racial discrimination has enacted various measures. For instance, education policies that consider members from Indigenous families have been implemented. The education curriculum has incorporated the study of Indigenous culture as away of reducing cultural conflict in among the whites and the black race. Mediation teams have been deployed to various conflicting regions to help mediate between the warring groups. Conclusion Contrary to the widely held view, not all conflict result to negative consequences. There are cases where conflict is constructive. For instance, moderate level of conflicts could be mutually beneficial, leading to conditions of understanding, tolerance, efficiency and effectiveness as well as boosting the process of learning (Le Nguyen et al. 2016, pp. 559-568) At this stage, there emerges two levels of conflict; content conflict in which persons disagree on how to handle a particular issue hence increases individual motivation and in the process stimulating discussion and relational conflict. Here, persons disagree with each other leading to decrease in individual performance, reducing loyalty and contributes to negative and suspicion among members of the group. Bibliography Cowan, A., 2013. [22PacRimLPolyJ247] UNDRIP and the Intervention: Indigenous Self-Determination, Participation, and Racial Discrimination in the Northern Territory of Australia. Darian-Smith, K. and Edmonds, P. eds., 2015. Conciliation on colonial frontiers: Conflict, performance, and commemoration in Australia and the Pacific Rim (Vol. 34). 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