Exploring the Impact of Epidemiology and Political Economy on Fighting Cardiovascular Disease Essay Example For Students

Exploring the Impact of Epidemiology and Political Economy on Fighting Cardiovascular Disease Essay Society is unaware of how vital epidemiology and political economy is to cardiovascular disease and as well as their well being. One of the leading causes of death in society is cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease usually occurs in low income families. An epidemiologist studies the causes and transmission of the ailment within a population. As an epidemiologist, they need to take into account factors such as: the population’s usage of tobacco, an individual’s unhealthy diet, and the person’s physical inactivity. In political economy the use consumption of tobacco products is one of the most profitable and an influential cash crop as it heavily influences individuals. Political economists see â€Å"different groups as having inherently contradictory views or interests and capitalism, characterized itself by contradictions and specific trends (Coburn, 2006)†. Without epidemiology and political economy it would be difficult for cardiovascular disease to further its research to find preventive measures on the spread of the disease. Political economy is crucial to everyone in society. The three Esping-Andersen Typology of Welfare States is the Social Democratic, Liberal and Conservative. The wealthy have unlimited health resources such as private health care. For middle class families, clinical care of cardiovascular disease patients can be extremely expensive and long-lasting. The direct costs avert the sparse family and â€Å"societal resources to medical care (World Health Organization, 2009)†. Cardiovascular disease usually affects individuals in their mid life years which interrupts families reliant on them and undermining the developing of the nation by â€Å"depriving valuable human resources in their most productive years (World . .Graziano, T., Graziano, M. (2002). Clinical Evidence Cardiovascular Disorders. Loveland: Bmj Publishing Group. Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario funded research Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario. (n.d. ). February is Heart Month Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario. Retrieved January 31, 2010, from http://www.heartandstroke.on.ca/site/c. pvI3IeNWJwE/b.3748577/k.1DCA/Heart_and_Stroke_Foundation_of_Ontario_funded_research.htm Maclean, D. (1992). Canadian heart health surveys: a profile of cardio. CMAJ. 1992 PubMed result. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved February 2, 2010, from http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/1596846 World Health Organization. (n.d.). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Retrieved February 1, 2010, from www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/index.html

Conflict Resolution Conflict Resolution Strategies

Question: Discuss about the Conflict Resolution for Conflict Resolution Strategies. Answer: Introduction Conflict implies a form of friction, disagreement or discord that emanate among a certain group of individuals whenever their right is infringed. Conflict may arise within a group sharing a common background or predicament. Such form of a conflict is referred to as intragroup conflict. This conflict may occur among individuals belonging to two or more groups. It may entail violence or the general disagreement among the members of the group. The other form of conflict is intergroup conflict. This form of conflict occurs between members of distinct groups (Leidner, et al. 2013, pp.181-192). For instance, members belonging to one ethnic group ganging up against members of another ethnic group. This form of conflict may be triggered by the presence of or a lack of a motivating factor. For instance, members of one ethnic group may attack those of another ethnic group due to scarcity of resources or on belief that the other group is enjoying a bigger share of the national cake over themselves. Such form of conflict leads to a stage of conflict resolution. Conflict is deemed as having been resolved when the disagreement between the wishes as well as actions of the conflicting parties is addressed amicably. One means of conflict resolution is negotiation. This form of conflict resolution entails a process that tries to incorporate the positive conflict with the main aim of preventing the conflict from degenerating into negative conflict (Kim, 2016, pp.39-47). It entails striking a balance between the conflicting parties so that all parties feel that they have not lost as a result of the conflict. Another form of conflict resolution mechanism is mediation. This entails involvement of a neutral party in the process of conflict resolution. The neutral party does not take sides. He or she listens to both the conflicting parties and tends to give his or her view. However, the mediator does not judge or decide for the conflicting parties. They only listen and give their opinion. Racial conflict in Australia Racial discrimination is a conflict that has existed for a very long time in Australia. Members from Indigenous families have since the pre-independence era suffered as a result of racial discrimination (Le Nguyen Ali, 2015, pp.159-175). The racial discrimination has been witnessed in all spheres of Indigenous persons lives. Economically, socially, politically, Indigenous groups have been. marginalized. Racial discrimination refers to a situation when individuals of a particular race are treated less favourably as compared to how the members of the other race treated because of their colour, descent, ethnic origin or their nation of origin as well as their immigrant status. The nation of Australia was at independence defined as a white territory. This definition contributed to a wide range of rapid intensification that was based on racial ideologies of superiority during the period of the spread of the ideals of Charles Darwin. Social Darwinism affirmed racial bigotry as a value to be embraced in Australia. The Australian riots of 1857 and 1861 driven by the perception among the European-Australian miners that the Chinese were present in Australia illegally and that by virtue of the quarries falling in their cultural capital, they enjoyed undue right to send away immigrants. This riot widened the boundaries of who should be called the white and how much privileges members enjoying this definition held. The end result was the growing discrimination against members of other races other than the white race. The riots ended up defining who deserved to be called Australian and who did not (Ralph, et al. 2013, pp.19). During the formation of Australia as a nation, the driving force for nationality was based on the belief that only members of European origin held enough enough of the civilization blood in them and hence this was the definitive factor in setting the conditions of a commonwealth of equality. Members of other racial inclination felt offended by this and hence the up rise of the various conflicts based on race. Members of the black race as well as those of Chinese race felt unfairly treated and ended up revolting. This for a very long time led to animosity and conflicts between members of the European race against members of other races such as the black race and the Chinese race. The conflicts were driven by the delusional politics among the Australian population. What followed was a history of a series of attacks stretching from the revolutionary pro as well as anti Soviet Russians occupying the Brisbane region of Eastern Australia, spreading through the inter-Asian as well as anti-W hite confrontations of Broome which eventually degenerated to the bloody clashes witnessed at Kalgoorlie. Australia is home to the worlds most diverse cultures. In this nation are people who identify with over 270 global ancestries (Little McMillan, 2016, pp1-19). Despite this rich diversity, a large number of individuals face unfair treatment as well as racism on the basis of how they look or on the basis of their place of origin. Racial discrimination as a conflict can degenerate to the level where barriers are created that lock people out of the economic as well as social opportunities. Racial discrimination began in Australia in 1788 when the British settlers took away land belonging to the Indigenous groups. The Indigenous groups were deprived of their right to full citizenship and regarded as immigrants subjected under strict immigration laws based on the doctrine of terra nullius (Little McMillan, 2016, pp1-19). At independence, the discriminatory treatment were transferred to the new Australian government which discriminated the Indigenous groups based on their colour and cultu re. They were viewed as an inferior race unable to equally contribute to the nation development. As a result, they were not allowed to hold positions of significance in the society. Most members of Indigenous groups ended up holding subsidiary roles in society such as acting as home guards and domestic workers for the white race. The policies implemented by the government hindered members of the Indigenous groups from accessing national resources such as education. The education system implemented after colonization emphasized on promotion of the white culture as opposed to Indigenous culture. Due the love of their culture which they wanted to preserve, members of Indigenous groups opted not to attend schools. This made them economically disadvantaged as they lacked the skills to get employed in the formal sector leaving them exposed to poor living conditions. Moreover, government policies that segreted people based on race further disadvantaged members of Indigenous groups. These group of people were only allowed access to facilities that were substandard such as schools that lacked adequate teaching and learning resources, health facilities that lacked adequate treatment facilities (Ralph, et al. 2013, pp.19). As a result, most members of Indigenous groups preferred using traditional treatment methods which was not up to standard as they could diagnose the disease to be treated. This contributed to the high mortality rate among members of Indigenous communities. These groups could not embrace the culture that was being promoted in the schools and as a result, most of them stayed away from school to engage in their own economic activities such as farming. Racial discrimination rose so high leading to the 1934 Kalgoorlie riots. This riots led to massive deaths as well as destruction of homes of the Dings at Dingbat Flat and at the same time led to the rising horror in the town. This horror was fuelled by how the alcohol-fuelled attack occasioned on foreigners degenerated into sustained mayhem. This situation led to an ambiguous anxiety that to date lurks at the heart of all Australian race riot. For the sake of conflict resolution, individuals caught up by the rising wash of vengeance fuelled by the believe of righteousness against the outsider and by the emotion of self-justification are called upon to confront an awareness of a fragile and civilized society and the essence of building bridges of peace rather than animosity. In 1967, a referendum concerning Aboriginal rights was conducted. After this referendum, lives of the Indigenous groups started improving as measures were put in place to reduce the racial conflict. The government in an attempt to address conflicts caused by racial discrimination has enacted various measures. For instance, education policies that consider members from Indigenous families have been implemented. The education curriculum has incorporated the study of Indigenous culture as away of reducing cultural conflict in among the whites and the black race. Mediation teams have been deployed to various conflicting regions to help mediate between the warring groups. Conclusion Contrary to the widely held view, not all conflict result to negative consequences. There are cases where conflict is constructive. For instance, moderate level of conflicts could be mutually beneficial, leading to conditions of understanding, tolerance, efficiency and effectiveness as well as boosting the process of learning (Le Nguyen et al. 2016, pp. 559-568) At this stage, there emerges two levels of conflict; content conflict in which persons disagree on how to handle a particular issue hence increases individual motivation and in the process stimulating discussion and relational conflict. Here, persons disagree with each other leading to decrease in individual performance, reducing loyalty and contributes to negative and suspicion among members of the group. Bibliography Cowan, A., 2013. [22PacRimLPolyJ247] UNDRIP and the Intervention: Indigenous Self-Determination, Participation, and Racial Discrimination in the Northern Territory of Australia. Darian-Smith, K. and Edmonds, P. eds., 2015. Conciliation on colonial frontiers: Conflict, performance, and commemoration in Australia and the Pacific Rim (Vol. 34). Routledge. Leidner, B., Castano, E. and Ginges, J., 2013. Dehumanization, retributive and restorative justice, and aggressive versus diplomatic intergroup conflict resolution strategies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(2), pp.181-192. Little, A. and McMillan, M., 2016. Invisibility and the politics of reconciliation in Australia: Keeping conflict in view. Ethnopolitics, pp.1-19. O'Toole, J.R. and Burton, B.V., 2015. Cycles of harmony: Action research into the effects of drama on conflict management in schools. Le Nguyen, H., Larimo, J. and Ali, T., 2016. How do ownership control position and national culture influence conflict resolution strategies in international joint ventures?. International Business Review, 25(2), pp.559-568. Le Nguyen, H., Larimo, J. and Ali, T., 2015. Control Position Strategy, Cultural Distance, Conflict Resolution Strategies and Performance of International Joint Ventures. In The Rise of Multinationals from Emerging Economies (pp. 159-175). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Kim, K.H., 2016. Impact on the Collective Claims and Conflict Resolution Strategies Related to Infant Policy Integration. International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology (IJACT), 4(3), pp.39-47. Ralph, N., Welch, A.J., Norris, P. and Irwin, R., 2013. Reflections on power, conflict and resolution for the perioperative environment. ACORN: the journal of perioperative nursing in Australia, 26(1), p.19. Stone, J. and Rizova, P., 2014. Racial conflict in global society. John Wiley Sons. Petersen, N. and Ward, G., 2015. The transmission of historical racial violence: Lynching, civil rightsera terror, and contemporary interracial homicide. Race and Justice, p.2153368714567577. Williams, D., 2016. Conflict Resolution: An Examination of Perceptions of Cultural Conflict Resolution Strategies in Organizations.

Victorian Age Unit Review Flashcard

Victorian Age Unit Review

Carboxyl Group Definition and Examples in Chemistry

Carboxyl Group Definition and Examples in Chemistry Carboxyl group definition: The carboxyl group is an organic functional group consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl group. Another way to view it is as a carbonyl group (CO)that has a hydroxyl group (O-H) attached to the carbon atom. The carboxyl group is commonly written as -C(O)OH or -COOH. Carboxyl groups ionize by releasing the hydrogen atom from the -OH group. The H, which is a free proton, is released. Thus, carboxyl groups make good acids. When hydrogen leaves, the oxygen atom has a negative charge, which it shares with the second oxygen atom in the group, allowing the carboxyl to remain stable even when oxidized. Also known as: The carboxyl group is sometimes referred to as the carboxy group, carboxyl functional group, or carboxyl radical. Carboxyl Group Example Probably the best-known example of a molecule with a carboxyl group is carboxylic acid. The general formula of carboxylic acid is R-C(O)OH, where R is any number of chemical species. Carboxylic acids are found in acetic acid and the amino acids that are used to build proteins. Because the hydrogen ion detaches so readily, the molecule is most commonly found as a carboxylate anion, R-COO-. The anion is named using the suffix -ate. For example, acetic acid (a carboxylic acid) becomes the acetate ion.

Interpretative Panel of Cypriot Bichrome III equestrian figurine, Article

Interpretative Panel of Cypriot Bichrome III equestrian figurine, Cypro-Archaic II, c. 600475 BCE - Article Example The artifacts had originally been excavated from Cyprus between 1955 and 1961 after the famous James Stewart’s expeditions to Cyprus.2 Despite being a professor of archeology at Sydney University, James Stewart received significant support for his archeological expeditions from the University of Melbourne. As a result, the expeditions were largely known as Melbourne Cyprus Expeditions and many artefacts such as Cypriot Bichrome III equestrian figurine were later allocated to the University of Melbourne. Historically, figurines of horses mounted with riders were particularly common in during the cyproarchaic II periods. Cyprus the origin of the figurines is a Mediterranean island situated south of Turkey, Easy of Greece, North of Egypt and west of Syria and Lebanon3. Equestrian figurines are small sculptures of horses and their riders. Generally, similar historic artifact of equestrian figurines like the one currently housed in the university of Melbourne art collection have been found in various sanctuaries and tombs belonging to stone age Cyprus societies4. It is widely believed that during the antiquities (particularly between 600 and 475 BCE), little figures were commonly left by worshippers at sanctuaries as part of the offerings of the ancient Cypriots to their gods and goddesses5. However, it was expensive to own a horse during the cypro achaic II period and it is only probable that the figurines like the cypriot Bichrome III equestrian sculpture may have been left by the wealthy and nobles who may have wanted to emphasize how important or wealthy they were. Sagona, A., ‘Horse and rider figurine’, in C. McAuliffe and P. Yule, Treasures: Highlights of the Cultural Collections of the University of Melbourne, The Miegunyah Press: Carlton, 2003, pp. 134–

Implications of the UK Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Implications of the UK Employment Law - Essay Example The Equality Act 2010 legally protects people from discrimination in the workplace and also in in the community as a whole . This law is made up of three major statutes which include; - Sex Discrimination Act 1975 . This act was put in place to prohibit any form of discrimination either in the workplace or any other place on the basis or grounds of sex, marital status and gender reassignment. This should also apply in fields of education. This law is applicable in Wales, England and also in Scotland. The Race Relations Act 1976 came immediately after the Sex Discrimination Act. An amendment The Race Relations Act 2000 is a development of this Act and the Race Relations Act 1976 Regulations 2003 . This act prohibits any form of discrimination on the basis of the individual’s colour. This law is applicable in the fields of employment where racial discrimination is likely to be witnessed, education and in the provision of goods and services. Any individual breaking the law is cul pable in the three countries named above. To deal with discrimination on the basis of disability the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 was put in place. This act discourages any form of discrimination of the basis of disability in the field of education, employment and the access to goods and services. It purports that the disabled people should be accorded similar treatment in these fields as the ones who are not disabled. Equal job opportunities and educational opportunities should be given to all citizens.

Chinatown Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinatown - Case Study Example Water has a sexual meaning in the movie and this is portrayed by the different characters present lie Jake and Cross from the movie. Water is a very essential commodity for both internal and external use. Poor planning in the water system may not achieve the desired effect on urban planning because good urban centers have stable water supply system. Transparency in the urban water commission enhances urban development as individuals are attracted to places with availability of such factors like water and security. Urban centers are characterized by large populations who cannot stay permanently in areas without water for a long period, therefore, most urban planers take into consideration the availability of water when erecting structures or drawing up the map of a new urban center. Suburbanization is eminent in Chinatown movie by the culture presented by the film producer in the movie. A perfect example of the differences in the suburbs is the presence of the Mall which greatly differs in the different areas mentioned in the movie. Urban growth and suburbanization are a process where developments happen gradually and within a set period of time. It is traced through the obscure era when there was scarcity of resources to an era when the mission of drought management, water quality and good control of the environment is achieved. Urban growth must be accompanied by a tremendous increase in the population of individuals within a given urban center. The increase in the urban centers will promote the development of suburbanization since there will emerge class difference amongst the individuals living in the area. Political corruption is an issue of concern in Chinatown movie. An example is that Polanski flees from the unfair verdict of the judge who was corrupt and wanted to wreck political career. The movie is filled with issue of political and moral corruption and this lies the political planning of the movie.